Refining Antibiotic Use in Beef Operations

Dr. Brad White
Professor, Production Medicine Director, Beef Cattle Institute, Kansas State University

Year Awarded  2021

FFAR award amount   $213,637

Total award amount   $427,268

Location   Manhattan, KS

Matching Funders   Beef Alliance / Five Rivers Cattle Feeding, Hy Plains Feedyard, Innovative Livestock Services, Microsoft and Veterinary and Research Consulting Services

Grantee Institution   Kansas State University

  • Production Systems

Researchers developed models that predict which groups of cattle are most likely to benefit from preventive antibiotic treatment (metaphylaxis) for Bovine Respiratory Disease. These models aim to help producers protect animal health, reduce costs and preserve the long-term effectiveness of antibiotics.

A High-Stakes Decision for Cattle Producers

When cattle arrive at a feedyard, producers face a difficult decision: should they treat an entire group of cattle with antibiotics to prevent or control costly, devastating diseases, or should they only treat cattle once they are sick?

At the center of this decision is Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), the most common and costly disease affecting the North American cattle industry. Recent studies estimate that BRD accounts for losses exceeding $1 billion annually in U.S. beef operations alone.

To control BRD, producers may give antibiotics to an entire group of high-risk cattle, a practice called metaphylaxis. Although the treatment can treat infected cattle and limit the impact of a BRD outbreak, it may not be necessary for every group. This research aimed to improve animal health while supporting antimicrobial stewardship by treating the right groups at the correct time.

When is Preventative Treatment Worth the Expense?

The challenge is knowing when group treatment will help, which is difficult to predict. Researchers led by Dr. Brad White of Kansas State University responded by developing a system to estimate how treatment could affect cattle health and performance using economic returns as a metric to quantify group benefits. They then built predictive models to help producers decide when to treat an entire group.

Dr. Brad White

Producers must make decisions in the face of imperfect information. Using predictive models, we can identify groups most likely to benefit from metaphylaxis, supporting cattle health and welfare while balancing antimicrobial stewardship.

Dr. Brad White
Professor, Production Medicine Director, Beef Cattle Institute, Kansas State University

Better Informing Treatment Decisions

The researchers first searched for patterns in records from thousands of cattle groups across 13 feedyards. Funded by the International Consortium for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Agriculture, the team worked with Microsoft, 3Cloud and Databricks to include weather data, which can affect animal health, in the models.

The first analysis found that treating an entire group of cattle did not substantially improve animal health to outweigh the cost of treatment in 72% of the groups studied. They also learned that cattle age and severity of health challenges played important roles in the value of the treatment.

The researchers then used data from 16,368 cattle groups to build four predictive models. The models performed well in testing, and adding economic data improved their predictions.

Make Every Treatment Count

Repeated or unnecessary antibiotic use can favor antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In other words, resistant bacteria are more likely to survive and multiply, potentially leaving producers with fewer reliable treatments when BRD strikes.

This research shows that treating an entire group of cattle upon arrival works best in certain situations and that the health benefits of group treatment depend on each group’s characteristics.

With further testing in commercial feedyards, the models could give producers a stronger basis for deciding when group treatment makes sense, helping them protect cattle health and welfare, avoid unnecessary costs and preserve critical antibiotics for the future.

The Research Team

The research team for: Predictive model development to promote science- based, strategic metaphylaxis administration in beef operations

Scientific Publications

Heinen, L., Lancaster, P. A., Larson, R. L., Pendell, D. L., Kopp, D. J., & White, B. J. (2025). Predictive models to determine best strategy for metaphylaxis application in cattle at arrival to a feedyard. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 242, 106572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106572 PubMed

Kopp, D. J., Larson, R. L., Lancaster, P. A., White, B. J., Smith, K. J., & Pendell, D. L. (2024). Determining the economically optimum metaphylactic strategy for cattle cohorts of varied demographic characteristics. Animals, 14(10), 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14101423

ID: ICASATWG-0000000041